We do not capture any email address. A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. To gain more insight into the role of ATHB-8 in procambial cell differentiation, we attempted to overcome the functional redundancy studying the effects of constitutive ATHB-8 expression. We will conclude with an outlook on interesting open questions and exciting new research opportunities in this growing and important field. In this study, we used two complementary approaches to investigate ATHB-8 function. Previously, it was shown that expression of a certain set of genes for response regulators to manipulate to improve crop productivity. The amount of ATHB-8 transcripts was quantitated by scanning the x-ray films with a laser densitometer (Ultroscan XL, LKB, Bromma, Sweden ) and normalized to the amount of total RNA by transcript quantification of the nuclear gene encoding the β-subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase, a gene that is known to be constitutively expressed (Carabelli et al., 1993). Clones with the ATHB-8 sequence in either sense and antisense orientation were recovered and subsequently introduced by standard methods into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 pMP90RK (Koncz and Schell, 1986). P. C. Cast,Kristin Cast,E. The way plants grow and develop organs significantly impacts the overall performance and yield of crop plants. improvement are suggested. A and D, Transverse sections showing representative bundles of the apical part of 1-cm-long stem (eustele); the insets show magnifications of the interfascicular region indicating a lower meristematic activity of the transgenic plant compared with the control. Unfortunately, the experimental setups are highly variable and key aspects of plant development are regularly neglected. She began her career teaching building and construction techniques, then strengthening and reinforcement of masonry buildings and preservation of cultural heritage. 6D). In contrast, the number of lateral roots formed in the At10/1 transgenic plants was significantly lower than that of the wild type (37.35 ± 1.36 and 48.9 ± 1.49, respectively,P < 0.01). It was demonstrated that not all Capo, Antonella; to Klemm+Sohn GmbH & Co. KG Petunia plant named ‘KLEPH19198’ PP032731 Cl. (1995). auxin minimum for root meristem size regulation. Overall, most of the bundles assumed the shape of an isosceles triangle. A pool of dividing, undifferentiated stem cells is maintained within a SAM, which. The fiveHD-ZIP III genes encode highly related transcription factors characterized by the presence of the homeodomain-Leu zipper domain associated with steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer, a putative lipid-binding domain (Ponting and Aravind, 1999). analyzed the effect of expressing E2FB in tomato. all the main pathways and genes involved in establishing the two axes of growth in, highlighting the involvement of some common players in controlling both axes and calling for more, research in crop species in which root development shows higher levels of complexity [, patterning is established by a finely regulated mechanism that controls the biosynthesis and activity of. We have screened for athb8 insertional mutants and expressed the ATHB-8 coding sequence, in sense and antisense orientation, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in Arabidopsis. Contrary to rolA, B and C, which are present in all the virulent strains of A. rhizogenes and control hairy root formation by affecting auxin and cytokinin signalling, rolD appeared non-essential and not associated with plant hormones. However, a consistent gap between fundamental and applied science has yet to be filled. 3A) producing mainly sclerified xylary tissue. Insertions were identified by using a three-dimensional, PCR-based screening strategy (Baumann et al., 1998) and were confirmed in individual progeny of the selected plant by sequencing. Cytokinin via the ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1) control auxin distribution within the meristem, generating an instructive auxin minimum that positions the TZ [10]. At 3 weeks after bolting, a normal organization of the different cell types composing the root was detected, although the final diameter of the At10/1 transgenic root was quite large compared with that of the At5/2 and wild type (compare root radii, Table I). The plant of choice for these experiments was Arabidopsis thaliana, which offers numerous advantages for molecular genetics research. How the body plan is established and maintained in multicellular organisms is a central question in developmental biology. However, this model alone cannot account for all aspect of vascular pattern formation. On the other hand, the study of the IFL1/REV gene function, through the phenotypic analysis of several alleles and the definition of its expression pattern in wild-type plants, showed that IFL1/REV is implicated in different aspects of plant development: initiation of lateral meristems, normal organ development, and proper development of the vascular tissue (Talbert et al., 1995; Zhong and Ye, 1999; Otsuga et al., 2001). At this developmental stage most of the wild-type bundles had lost the radial alignment of the immature metaxylem cells (Fig.5C). Efficient transformation of numerous important crops remains a challenge, due predominantly to our inability to stimulate growth of transgenic cells capable of producing plants. The ATHB-8 coding sequence was put under the control of the 35S promoter also in antisense orientation. In addition, interfascicular cells also differentiated precociously into fibers. The entire ATHB-8 cDNA from the ATG to the TGA codon was amplified with the primers ATHB-8 5′ (5′-GGGCCCTGCAGCTCGAGGGGAGGAGGAAGCAAT-3′) and ATHB-8 3′ (5′-CCCGGGTCGACGGTCATATAAAAGACCAG-3′), digested withPstI and SalI, and cloned into pBluescript KSII vector (Stratagene, Heidelberg). gene encoding an ornithine cyclodeaminase, which converts ornithine into proline. the expression profiles of their transcripts in response to plant stimuli. 1A). However, considerable evidence indicates that auxin is the major signal involved in several aspects of the ontogeny of the vascular system (Aloni, 1987; Sachs, 2000). This review is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Domenico Mariotti, who significantly contributed to establishing the Italian research community in Agricultural Genetics and carried out the first experiments of Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic transformation and regeneration in Italy during the 1980s. Each oligonucleotide was used with both En-1 specific primers En205 and En8130. In this study, we review knowledge of the grass boundary GRN during vegetative development. REVOLUTA (REV), also known as INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 (IFL1; Zhong and Ye, 1999; Ratcliffe et al., 2000), recently has been implicated in both processes. Seedlings were then transferred to petri dishes (15 cm ℘ [diameter of the plant]) containing the ARA medium, sealed with 3-m tape (Micropore, Borken, Germany) and incubated for 11 d as above. None of the Arabidopsis plants expressing the antisense ATHB-8 construct showed any evident phenotypic alterations, although fluorimetric detection of β-glucuronidase activity driven by the bidirectional 35S promoter of the pMON721 vector indicated that the 35S promoter was active in the antisense lines (data not shown). those, a special thought goes to Ida Ruberti, who recently left us. (1998), on a population of Arabidopsis Columbia (Col) plants that carries about 50,000 independent insertions of the autonomous maize transposable element En-1 (Wisman et al., 1998). ), and by the Ministero dell Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Strategic Project on Biotechnology (to G.M. At this stage, groups of meristematic cells were still present in the interfascicular regions (see inset, Fig. A magnification of the protoxylem cells (indicated by red arrowhead in the insets) shows a higher secondary wall deposition in the transgenic plant compared with the control. with vascular development in shoot and hypocotyls. In a breeding context, controlling flowering time would help to speed up the production of new hybrids and produce high yield throughout the year. was the recipient of a European Molecular Biology Organization short-term fellowship. He represented his country at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics.. It is interesting that the WOL gene encodes a putative two-component His kinase with a receptor domain, suggesting that it functions as a signal transducer (Mahonen et al., 2000). Introns are shown as lines and exons as boxes. However, many of these genes produce pleiotropic deleterious phenotypes. and nutritive quality of vegetable crops. The expression of ATHB-8 is modulated by auxin, and strongly and precociously induced in revascularization processes caused by wounding, in neo-formed cambial cells and parenchima cells which differentiate without undergoing cell division (Baima et al., 1995). At this stage, sections taken from the basal part of the stem of At5/2 and At10/1 transgenic plants showed an anatomical structure similar to that of wild type with a higher production of lignified tissue (Fig. 429: 259, Brandstatter and Kieber (1998) Plant Cell 10: 1009]. For root growth analysis, seeds were surface sterilized for 10 min in 30% (v/v) commercial bleach and 0.02% (w/v) Triton X-100, rinsed three times with sterile, distilled water, and dried in a laminar flow hood. B through D, Transverse sections showing the degree of secondary vascular growth in wild-type (B), At5/2 (C), and At10/1 (D) root. IA L A T I Biography. Indeed, from this initial finding, proline was shown to be critically involved in a number of developmental processes, such as floral transition, embryo development, pollen fertility and root elongation. In this Nowadays, the Check out this comprehensive list of every men's and women's professional tennis player. Arabidopsis responds to wind with a decrease in the inflorescence elongation rate that eventually results in shorter mature primary inflorescence stems (Johnson et al., 1998). To mitigate this, research has been focusing on ways to take advantage of growth-stimulating morphogenic genes while later restricting or eliminating their expression in the plant. A and B, Transverse sections showing a lateral portion of the lamina. The presence in the vasculature of HD-Zip proteins highly related to ATHB-8 suggests some redundancy within the HD-ZIP III family and might explain the lack of evident phenotypes inathb8 mutants and in 35S::αATHB-8 antisense plants. One critical, point is often the unreadiness of developmental biologists on one side, to foresee agricultural, applications for their discoveries, and of the breeders on the other. basic developmental frame can be taken over by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other hormones, to root long-distance communication resulting in early root xylem di, root growth or meristem size. Differential Expression of Genes for Response Regulators in Response to Cytokinins and Nitrate in Ar... Arabidopsis high temperature stress research. Other events occurring during the secondary growth, and peculiar to transgenic plants, were an increase in the production of phloem fiber sclereids (Fig. A and B, Transverse sections showing representative bundles of the apical part of 5-cm-long stem (eustele). In Arabidopsis thaliana, a number of response regulators are presumably involved in His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in response to environmental Recent advances in plant response to mechanical stress: theory and application. Plant translational research effort has steadily increased over the last decade, due to the huge increase in the availability of crop genomic resources and Arabidopsis-based sequence annotation systems. Brassicaceae and Asteraceae Crop Species. 6A); in the latter, protoxylem and some metaxylem cells showed well lignified walls (see inset in Fig.6A). Thus, in this short review, we highlight the experimental variables and address SAM maintenance in the context of elevated temperature research. stimuli, such as phytohormones. In the procambial traces some protophloem and protoxylem elements were present both in wild-type and transgenic plants. (the Italian CNR and the University of Amsterdam) involved in basic research, with the Resear, Development group of Enza Zaden, an international vegetable-breeding company which develops, new vegetable varieties that are grown and consumed all over the world. 3A). The arrowheads show protophloem cells. ), by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Target Project on Biotechnology (to G.M. Despite the overall conservation of most flowering time pathways in these families, many genes controlling this trait remain elusive, and the function of most Arabidopsis homologs in these crops are yet to be determined. At the end of the life cycle, the bundles and the interfascicular regions of the transgenic plants consistently continued to show a conspicuous increase in xylem formation compared with the wild type (data not shown). In particular, the histological analysis of transgenic plants suggests that ATHB-8 is likely to act as a differentiation-promoting transcription factor regulating the activity of procambial and cambial cells. Several phytohormones have been implicated in the regulation of vascular tissue formation.

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